Networks & Communications

In this post, we'll take a look at several common terms where networks are concerned.

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Node

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In a network, a node is a connection point that functions as a redistrubution point (to forward) or an end point (the destination) for data transmissions. A physical network node may be a data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) that performs functions such as signal conversion and coding such as a modem. They may also be a data terminal equipment (DTE) that converts user information into signals or reconverts signals such as a printer. In a local area network (LAN) or the Internet, the nodes are ususally host computers.

A modem is an example of a physical node.
Source: http://www.computerwar.com.my/images/modem.jpg

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Client

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In computing, a client is an application or system that accesses a remove service on another computer system known as a server via a network. In the Internet, a web browser connecting to a service is a client. Similarly, instant messaging applications and online games are forms of clients that connect to a remote server.

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Server

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The HP MediaSmart Home Server.

Source: http://www.wired.com/images/productreviews/2009/01/pr_hp_mediasmart_server_350_f.jpg

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A server is a computer application that delivers a service, such as a web server delivering web pages requested by a browser or client. The data transmission between a client and a server is regulated by a protocol such as the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) between a web browser and a server.

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Hub

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A hub is a physical device in a wired network that connects Ethernet cables from several devices together, allowing each device to communicate with the others. Hubs are fairly simple devices requiring no manuals or configuration, but have largely been rendered obsolete because its functionality has been integrated into other devices such as routers or modems.

A Netgear hub.

Source: http://www.superwarehouse.com/images/products/netgear_ds108.jpg

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Network Interface Card (NIC)

A PCI network card.

Source: http://www.district-85.com/images/resource/devices/nic.jpg

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Network interface cards or network cards are a type of expansion card typically built for PCI slots to provide a system with the ability to connect to a network. Wireless network cards allow network connectivity wirelessly while Ethernet network cards allow a system to access a network via an Ethernet connection. Many modern motherboards usually provide an integrated network interface.

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Network Operating System (NOS)

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A network operating system is a type of OS designed to allow a computer to serve requests from other computers via its own components and programs for data and provides access to other resources and devices such as file systems and printers. Some standalone operating systems such as Mac OS X and every Windows OS since Windows 2000 contain NOS features. Examples of dedicated network operating systems include Cisco IOS and Windows NT.

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Distributed Processing

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'Distributed processing' refers to multiple computers on a network interacting with each other to achieve a common goal. Programs running on a distributed system are referred to as distributed programs. Distributed processing is commonly used in situations such as when data is produced at one location but is needed at another. Distributed processing may also involve distributing tasks to idle CPUs on the network so that the load on each CPU is smaller.

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Host Computer

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A host computer is a node on a network that can host information resources as well as application software for providing network services. Every host is a physical network node. Host computers are usually used by the network managers or administrators of the network.

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Network Manager

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A network manager or a network administrator is a person whose job is to maintain the computer hardware and software of a computer network, including managing network equipment. A network manager concentrates on the overall health of the network, server deployment, security, and manages the network connectivity within that network.